Philosophy in Ancient Greece - 3782 Words

Brandon John ADP, SCS/1108/029 Question 2: Philosophy in Ancient Greece and its Influence on Western Culture â€Å"My advice to you is get married: if you find a good wife you ll be happy; if not, you ll become a philosopher.† – Socrates, Greek philosopher Socrates, like many of the greatest minds in history, was rather different from others in his time. In the quote above, we catch a glimpse of his genius in his likening of an unhappily married man to that of a philosopher. The implication is indirect but obvious enough: when life becomes rife with problems, it forces the common man(or woman) to sit down and think.†¦show more content†¦Today, the mere mention of â€Å"philosophy† evokes images of sagely old men stroking their beards ponderously as they debate seemingly rhetorical/redundant topics(eg.†Why am I stroking my beard? Is it a mechanism for reaching enlightenment? Is it itchy? Can beards get itchy? What was I thinking about again?†). This of course, is an unfair generalization and there are philosophers who ac tually debate relevant matters. Not convincing enough? Consider that philosophy, in its earliest form, was nearly indistinguishable from natural science. The first Greek philosopher(though he did not refer to himself as one) was Thales of Miletus. What separated philosophical thought from non-philosophical thought was that the former attempted to explain natural phenomena without reference to mythology, and in times of antiquity, the latter method of explaining was pretty much the trend. Thales decided that it was time we humans started finding logical explanations for all the freaky stuff that happens around us. As a result, Thales became the first person to define general principles and create rational hypotheses, allowing him to make some pretty exciting discoveries such as mathematics and electricity(bear in mind that he lived ca. 620-546 BC). This had aShow MoreRelatedAncient China Versus Ancient Greece Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesAncient China Versus Ancient Greece Ancient China and Ancient Greece were two vastly different civilizations with different cultures; they shared a multitude of similar political, economic, and philosophical achievements while also inholding multiple differences. The centralized government of China differed from the independent city-states of Athens. A similarity that both civilizations held in regards to politics would be the role, or lack thereof one, that women played within their respectiveRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Ancient Greece1107 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Ancient Greece Annotated Bibliography Ancient Greece was the birth place of many sciences, famous philosophers and the arts. A time where humans where constantly discovering many different things, forming new ideas and opinions about life each and every day. Various gods ruled these different city states. 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During its beginnings theatrical performances were part of Dionysia, a festival held in honour of the god Dionysus. The plot of the plays was always inspired by Greek mythology

Rise of Electronic Dance Music - 1045 Words

The Rise Of EDM EDM (Electronic Dance Music), or House music, first originated in Chicago in the 1980’s, but has been popular in Europe for the last twenty years. However, it did not become a prominent genre of music in North America until about 2005 when it was first seen in hit Pop songs by artists such as Timbaland and Akon. Since then, EDM has spread like wildfire in North America, influencing every genre of music and giving a new look to the entire music scene. It truly is the new wave of music that is quickly becoming mainstream. Songs consist of melodic tunes made up of electronic sounds, synthesisers, hard hitting bass lines, and often catchy vocals. EDM is seen as the new generation of music and is especially appealing to the young adults of today. A recent paper published by Wall Street veteran, John Langdon, and his company Massive Advisors, LLC, says that the EDM market is a $15-$20 billion global industry. Business is thriving from this new style of music and can make huge profits by simply getting a known disc jockey (DJ) to perform in their club or arena. In Vancouver, there are two main EDM companies, â€Å"Blueprint Events† and â€Å"Solid Events†, that host large events on long weekends and holidays These companies pack arenas, with over ten thousand spectators paying upwards of $100 to get in. Smaller events at nightclubs are hosted two to three days a week at local clubs around the lower mainland. However, this is nothing compared to the huge EDM festivalsShow MoreRelatedThe Electronic Sound : A World Of Massive Technological Development1703 Words   |  7 PagesLee II Professor Neterer Music 050 6 December 2016 â€Å"The Electronic Sound† In a world of massive  technological development, the expansion of the electric sound and the growing cultural society behind it have led to the construction of a number of prominent digitally devised  genres seen worldwide. 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Carrefour Case free essay sample

Limited market growth due to antitrust laws (25% market share cap) Expensive warehouse rental space Bureaucracy and political barriers to entry Difficult and confusing government regulation Problem Statement 1 . Careful failed in creating brand recognition and familiarity within Russia. 2. Careful did not allow ample time to gain the expected market share in Russia. 3. Carousers first three store locations in Russia were not in ideal areas. Problem Analysis To establish a loyal following of customers and increase market share, Careful needed to develop brand recognition within Russia in a very short time. Since the brand was relatively unknown throughout the country and only had three stores by the time it exited, consumers did not have time to understand what Careful offered, why Careful was different and even recognize the companys logo. If Careful would have been successful in acquiring Seventh Continent, this brand recognition could have been much easier to develop since Seventh Continent already had an established allegations with the local population. In addition, Seventh Continent could have provided Careful with the knowledge of domestic business relations (e. G. , local vendors and suppliers, local laws, customer preferences), knowledge that would only come from a company who is already successful in that market. Another problem was Carousers decision to pull out of the Russian market within four months of entering, not allowing ample time to gain market share. From a business perspective, a short-term goal is something that can be measured within 12 months, but Careful made the decision to exit Russia after only one quarter of results.This could have been justified if Careful did not spend three years performing extensive research on the Russian market and how to be the most successful. The decision to exit the country in such a short time contradicts the research findings and initial business strategy developed from these findings. From another perspective, Careful stating that it was unable to gain market share is an invalid claim. According to the Harvard Business Review, market share is more easily attained on items that are infrequently purchased, not ones that are frequently purchased.Careful cited that the first store attracted a majority of food shoppers, specifically people who were looking for bread. Frequently purchased products are generally low unit-value items such as foods or industrial supplies. The risk in buying from a lesser known, small-share supplier is lower in most cases, so a purchaser can feel free to shop around (Buzzer). Therefore, the ability to seize market control would certainly take much longer than four months. A third problem was the Carousers first Russian stores were not in ideal locations.For example, the first location in Billion Shopping Mall was difficult o get to, was not prominently visible within the mall, and catered to lower- income families. While many of Carousers products are targeted to lower- income families, this group does not have disposable income to make larger purchases and become long-term, regular customers that can help increase Carousers market share. Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives Problem: Careful failed in creating brand recognition and familiarity within Russia.Alternatives: 1 . Acquire a local partner (other than Seventh Generation). Pros: By acquiring a local partner, Careful can gain extensive knowledge of mommies business relation. Also, a partner would have an established presence in Russia including different licenses and a local workforce. Cons: As Careful experienced with Seventh Generation, acquiring a local partner can be very risky and expensive. Also, the two business cultures and ideals may not match, causing the acquisition to be very difficult and impede growth. 2.Promise price matching or lowest price guarantees to beat competition while gaining market share. Pros: By becoming the price leader against competition, Careful can bring in new consumers based on price alone. Once the company gains market hare, it will already have a strong customer base. Cons: By offering very low prices, Careful could possibly be sued for dumping and be kicked out of the market. Also, Careful would most likely lose revenue and not create any profit while offering these low prices. Problem: Careful did not allow ample time to gain the expected market share in Russia. . Stay in the market for a much longer period of time to see if growth was obtainable. Pros: By staying in Russia longer, Careful could create a stronger market presence, gain brand recognition, build a loyal customer base and re- iterative if any problems arise (such as a recession). Cons: If Careful continued to lose money by staying in Russia, it would be very difficult to get that money back from other markets. Also, a long-term lost may cause investors to lose confidence in the company and would ultimately harm Careful not Only locally but in every market. . Only open one store to begin and grow once that store is successful. Pros: By only opening one store upon entry to the market, Careful would get to know that market intimately and invest all time and energy on that store. Also, this would lower the risk of entering the market too aggressively. Cons: This alternative goes against Carousers overall buss news strategy and would not allow the company to become a market leader in the short- or medium-term. 3. Contouring the business plan around the recession.Pros: By altering the business plan once the recession hit instead of staying the course, Careful could adapt to the situation and may be more successful. Cons: It may be costly to slow implementation plans that were already started such as new construction and investments. 4. Create smaller, more tangible goals and re-evaluate success based on those goals. Pros: By judging success by achieving smaller goals, Careful could see the potential of being in the market and better strategies growth. Also, this WOOL_SLD make it easier to make adjustments over time.Cons: Again, this alternative goes against Carousers overall business strategy. It may also not seem aggressive enough for investors who are looking for rapid growth and profitability. Problem: Carousers first three store locations in Russia were not in ideal 1. Open stores in prime locations. Pros: By opening stores in locations that were more accessible and with customers who have a larger spending income, Careful could be more Cons: These locations will most likely be more expensive in terms of construction, rent and taxes, and may also be hard to acquire due to competition. With these high costs, it may be difficult for Careful to become a price leader. 2. Open an online store. Pros: By having an online presence where customers can make purchases, Careful does not necessarily need as many physical stores, if at all. Also, an online store opens doors to a much broader audience. Cons: Online shopping is still considerably young in Russia and security is a concern for Russian consumers. Also, online shipping, delivery and payment services could become a logistical nightmare. 3. Open multiple stores at once.Pros: By opening multiple stores as once, Careful could be more aggressive, a tactic that allows for mass expansion. Also, Careful could gain a strong market presence a lot more quickly. Cons: Opening multiple stores at once is very expensive and is very risky. If the stores were not successful, liquidation would take a long time and could et very costly. Recommended Course of Action and Implementation Plan Based on the problems identified above, there are a number of different actions that Careful can take when re-engaging with Russia. First, the company needs to go in stronger than before and not pull out too early. While Careful has a strict corporate plan when entering a new market, given the companys track record in Russia, it must readjust its strategy and be sure that it is understood throughout the corporation and enforced from the board of directors down to the store managers. Additionally, investors just be notified in advance of this strategy to adjust their expectations. Careful must stick with this strategy and allow enough time to assess and re-assess goals. Careful also needs to practice what it preaches.When opening the second Russian store, Careful signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the government that promised a certain amount of investment into development and the community. Since that store was only open for a very short time, it did not allow enough time to meet these goals and develop as promised. Given that a large obstacle to Carousers success in Russia was not acquiring local Company, Careful should kick into Other potential partners. A good partner could be Zoon. Our, the largest and most trusted online retailer in Russia. Zoon. U is not like a traditional online shopping website such as Amazon as it operates primarily with cash-based sales and does not include home delivery. Instead, consumers purchase an item online and visit one of the over 2,000 pickup points throughout the country (primarily around Moscow and SST. Petersburg) and pay for and pick up the items. By acquiring or merging with Zoon. Our, Careful can obtain trust from the Russian people, obtain more brand awareness, have insight into local business practices, and have the platform to launch an online store.Going further into a partnership with Zoon . Our, Careful could open three stores near the densest group of pickup points, which do not necessarily need to be in downtown or premium locations. These stores could also act as a distribution center for door-to-door delivery of online purchases, similar to Giants PeaPod delivery service in the United States. Careful could hire local couriers to deliver the products, which would be beneficial to the Russian communities because it would add jobs.Deliveries would be guaranteed by a certain time and backed as Papal does for credit card purchases, which would create mutual trust between Careful and customers and decrease security concerns. By creating a secure platform and having purchases guaranteed, Careful can create a high level of trust with the Russian population. Current online purchasing trends in Russia include payment at pick-up locations and most of these payments are made with cash. Turning the population to using credit cards and trusting Internet sales could benefit Careful and allow them to e a leader in the online industry in Russia.

Epic of Beowulf Symbols and Symbolism of B Essay Example For Students

Epic of Beowulf Symbols and Symbolism of B Essay attle Epic Beowulf essays Symbolism of Battle in BeowulfBeowulf Authors often use events and things to symbolize stages in someones life. Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing meaning of significance to objects, events, or relationships. In the anonymous epic, Beowulf, Beowulf fights Grendel, the monsters of the ocean and Grendels mother. Beowulfs battles with theses three evils symbolize the youth and adulthood of Beowulfs life.The battle with Grendel represents the youth of Beowulfs life. The typical youth is very brave and fights for fame. Beowulf shows how the battle with Grendel is a representation of the youth of Beowulfs life by going to Hrothgar and asking him if he can fight Grendel for him and his people. Beowulf shows this trait when he says,Grant me, then, lord and protector of this noble place, a single request! I have come so far, oh shelter of warriors and your peoples loved friend, that this one favor you should not refuse me. That I, alone and with the help of my men, may purge all evil from this Hell. (Beowulf page #). Another trait that a typical youth has is that they dont want to be outwitted. They also dont want people to think poorly of them. Beowulf shows this when he hears that Grendel does not use any weapons to fight and so Beowulf says that he will not use any weapons because he wants Higlac to think worthy of him. Beowulf shows this trait when he says, I have heard, too, that the monsters scorn of men is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none. Now will I. My lord Higlac might think less of me if I let my sword go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid behind some broad linden shield: my hands alone shall fight for me, struggle for life against the monster (Beowulf page #). The typical youth likes to brag about what they have done. Beowulf shows this third trait when he brags to Hrothgar about how he swam all the way over and killed all the monsters in the ocean. This is seen when Beowulf says, I swam in the Blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one; death was my errand and the fate they had earned (Beowulf page #). The battle with Grendels mother represents the adult stage of Beowulfs life. As adults get older they are less daring and more defensive. Beowulf shows this trait when he fights with mail armor and a sword. This is seen when he goes to the lake where the monsters mother has her underwater lair. Then fully armored, he makes a heroic dive to the depth of the watery Hell. As adults get older they are less daring and wait for the battle to come to them. Instead of going to Hrothgar and asking to fight for him he waits and lets Hrothgar ask him. This is seen when Beowulf is awakened and called for again. The author of Beowulf used the battles to symbolize stages in Beowulfs life. I have shown how the battle with Grendel represents the youth of Beowulfs life and how the battle with Grendel s mother represents the adult stage of Beowulfs life.1. Underline titles of novels. 2. When quoting always cite the quote by writing in parentheses the name of the author, or if anonymous, the name of the poem, and the page on which the quote can be found. This allows your readers to find the quote for themselves.3. .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 , .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .postImageUrl , .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 , .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:hover , .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:visited , .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:active { border:0!important; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:active , .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50 .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea57b651c65fc17c170f3ed324b92b50:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Communication Coursework Essay Within your paper, you discuss the battle with Grendel, the monsters of the ocean and Grendels mother. You do not mention the battle with the dragon. If you do not discuss the point in your paper, then it should not be mentioned in the introduction. Also if you discuss a point within your paper then that points should always be mentioned in your introduction. The introduction simply introduces all of the points that you make within your paper.

Three Types Of Speeches Essays (1556 words) - Communication

Three Types Of Speeches To answer this question I will use three types of speeches. Of those three types of speeches I will create three speeches to give. The speech formats that I will use are speeches to entertain, speeches to inform, and speeches to persuade. For my speech to entertain, I will talk about my life. For my speech to inform, I will talk about drums. For my speech to persuade, I will talk about how television violence has negative effects on children. To organize my speech to entertain, I would start by making an outline to go by. On the outline, I would separate into groups the most important parts of my life. The first group of my life that I would talk about is about me growing up and where I lived. The second group I would talk about is my interests and hobbies. The last thing I would talk about is my life right now. I would also include an introduction and a conclusion. In order to better help the listeners to visualize what I am talking about, I would bring pictures of things that have to do with my life. I would also make an overhead with the outline on it so they could follow along with the speech better. I would be sure to move around and use hand gestures to make points more clearly. This would also hold the interest of the listeners better. I think this format would be helpful to my listeners because it is very organized, and it includes many things to hold their interest. To organize my speech to inform, I would again start by making an outline. To start off, I would begin by explaining the basic parts of a drum set and what they do. I would then explain who makes the parts of the drums and cymbals. Next I would talk about how drums and cymbals are made. I would then explain what they are made of. I would again use an introduction and a conclusion. My visual aid that I would use would be an overhead containing the basic parts to a drum set. This would be so the listeners could see what I was talking about. I would also bring pictures of different drum sets. During my speech, I would be sure to move around the front of the room and use my hands while talking. I think that this format and the visual aids would be the best way to help the listeners understand the speech. For my speech to persuade, I would talk about television violence and the effects it has on children. I would start out by making an outline containing the parts of my speech. The first part would be to talk about how television violence triggers aggression in children. The second part would be how it puts fear in children. The third part I would talk about would be how children become desensitized to real world violence by watching violence on television. I would include an introduction and a conclusion in my speech as well. For a visual aid, I would use an overhead containing statistics to prove my theory. I would be sure to include in my speech the references from which I derived my information. This is important especially in a persuasive speech because the listeners are more likely to be persuaded if they can see actual statistics from authority figures. I would be sure to use hand gestures and be energetic to hold the attention of the listeners. It is very important that I hold their attention so they can see the problem as it is. To conclude this half of the assignment, I will go over the things I have just talked about. First I talked about how to do a speech of entertainment and what would make it a successful speech. Second I talked about how to do a speech of information and how to make it a successful speech. Then I talked about how to do a speech of persuasion and how to best persuade the listeners. Thank you and have a wonderful day!!!! Question 3 This question to me is a lot harder than the first one.

Oldowan Tradition - Humankinds First Stone Tools

Oldowan Tradition - Humankinds First Stone Tools The Oldowan Tradition (also called Oldowan Industrial Tradition or Mode 1 as described by Grahame Clarke) is the name given to a pattern of stone-tool making by our hominid ancestors, developed in Africa by about 2.6 million years ago (mya) by our hominin ancestor Homo habilis (probably), and used there until 1.5 mya (mya). First defined by Louis and Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, the Oldowan tradition is to date the earliest manifestation of stone tool making on our planet. Further, it is global in scope, a toolkit thought to have been carried out of Africa by our hominin ancestors as they left to colonize the rest of the world. To date, the oldest known Oldowan tools were found at Gona (Ethiopia) at 2.6 ma; the latest in Africa is 1.5 mya at Konso and Kokiselei 5. The end of the Oldowan is defined as the appearance of Mode 2 tools or Acheulean handaxes. The earliest Oldowan sites in Eurasia are 2.0 mya at Renzidong (Anhui Province China), Longgupo (Sichuan Province) and Riwat (on the Potwar Plateau in Pakistan), and the latest so far is at Isampur, 1 mya in the Hungsi valley of India. Some discussion of the stone tools found at Liang Bua Cave in Indonesia suggests that they are Oldowan; which either lends support to the notion that the Flores hominin is a devolved Homo erectus or that the Oldowan tools were not specific to species. What Is an Oldowan Assemblage? The Leakeys described the stone tools at Olduvai as cores in the shapes of polyhedrons, discoids, and spheroids; as heavy and light duty scrapers (sometimes called nuclà ©us racloirs or rostro carà ©nà ©s in the scientific literature); and as choppers and retouched flakes. Selection for raw material sources  can be seen in Oldowan by about 2 mya, at sites like Lokalalei and Melka Kunture in Africa and Gran Dolina in Spain. Some of that is surely related to characteristics of the stone and what the hominid planned to use it for: if you have a choice between basalt and obsidian, youd select basalt as a percussion tool, but obsidian to break down into sharp-edged flakes. Why Did They Make Tools at All? The purpose of the tools is somewhat in controversy. Some scholars are inclined to think that most of the tools are simply steps in manufacturing sharp-edged flakes for cutting. The stone-tool making process  is known as chaà ®ne opà ©ratoire in archaeological circles. Others are less convinced. There is no evidence that our hominid ancestors were eating meat before about 2 mya, so these scholars suggest that the stone tools must have been for use with plants, and the percussion tools and scrapers may have been tools for plant processing. Admittedly, however, its hard to make assumptions on negative evidence: the oldest Homo remains we have only date to 2.33 mya in the Nachukui Formation of West Turkana in Kenya, and we dont know if there are earlier fossils we havent found yet that will be associated with Oldowan, and it may be that Oldowan tools were invented and used by another non-Homo species. History The Leakeys  work in Olduvai Gorge in the 1970s was quite revolutionary by any standards. They defined the original chronology of the Oldowan assemblage in the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa including the following periods; the stratigraphy within the region; and the material culture, the characteristics of the stone tools themselves. The Leakeys also focused on geological studies of the paleo-landscape of the Olduvai Gorge and its changes over time. In the 1980s, Glynn Isaac and his team worked at the more-or-less contemporaneous deposits at Koobi Fora, where they used experimental archaeology, ethnographic analogy, and primatology to explain the Oldowan archaeological record. They developed testable hypotheses about ecological and economic conditions that might have triggered stone tool making- hunting, food sharing, and occupying a home base, all of which is also done by primates, with the exception of the production of sharp-edged tools. Recent Investigations Recent expansions to the interpretations built by the Leakeys and Isaac have involved adjustments to the time span of use: discoveries at sites such as Gona have pushed the date of the first tools a half-million years earlier from what the Leakeys found at Olduvai. Also, scholars have recognized a considerable variability within the assemblages; and the extent of the Oldowan tool use throughout the globe has become recognized. Some scholars have looked at the variation in stone tools and argued that there must have been a Mode 0, that Oldowan is the result of a gradual evolution from a common tool-making ancestor of both humans and chimps, and that phase is missing in the archaeological record. That has some merit, because Mode 0 tools may have been made of bone or wood. Not everyone agrees with this, and, currently, it seems that the 2.6 mya assemblage at Gona still represents the earliest stages of lithic production. Sources I highly recommended Braun and Hovers 2009 (and the rest of the articles in their book Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan) for a good overview of current thinking about Oldowan. Barsky, Deborah. An Overview of Some African and Eurasian Oldowan Sites: Evaluation of Hominin Cognition Levels, Technological Advancement and Adaptive Skills. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, SpringerLink, 2018. Braun, David R. Introduction: Current Issues in Oldowan Research. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, Erella Hovers, SpringerLink, 2018. Braun DR, Tactikos JC, Ferraro JV, and Harris JWK. 2006. Archaeological inference and Oldowan behavior. Journal of Human Evolution 51:106-108. Carbonell, Eudald. From Homogeneity to Multiplicity: A New Approach to the Study of Archaic Stone Tools. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, Robert SalaDeborah Barsky, et al., SpringerLink, 2018. Harmand, Sonia. Variability in Raw Material Selectivity at the Late Pliocene sites of Lokalalei, West Turkana, Kenya. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Oldowan, SpringerLink, 2018. Harmand S. 2009. Raw Materials and Techno-Economic Behaviors at Oldowan and Acheulean Sites in the West Turkana Region, Kenya. Lithic Materials and Paleolithic Societies: Wiley-Blackwell. p 1-14. McHenry LJ, Njau JK, de la Torre I, and Pante MC. 2016. Geochemical â€Å"fingerprints† for Olduvai Gorge Bed II tuffs and implications for the Oldowan–Acheulean transition. Quaternary Research 85(1):147-158. Petraglia MD, LaPorta P, and Paddayya K. 1999. The first Acheulian quarry in India: Stone tool manufacture, biface morphology, and behaviors. Journal of Anthropological Research 55:39-70. Semaw, Sileshi. The Oldowan-Acheulian Transition: Is there a Developed Oldowan Artifact Tradition? Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions, Michael RogersDietrich Stout,  SpringerLink,, June 16, 2009.

FIFA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

FIFA - Case Study Example Football is normally governed by a worldwide body. This is called the FIFA. In the year 1930, the first world cup finals were held. This was done in Uruguay. After this the next world cup finals were held in the year 1994.This was held in the United States of America. In the past, FIFA never used to allocate the world cup finals evenly. Recently FIFA decided to give equal considerations to every FIFA confederations. FIFA has got 204 members who are quite ambitious who have highly contributed to this. This organisation has really expanded in the resent past. In the year 2006, the word cup finals were held in Germany after the members voting. 1 FIFA usually has presidential elections and the aspirants are the ones that that offer this improvements. The one that was in Germany was supposed to have been held in South Africa but it brought in many accusations concerning intimidation. There is a high probability that the finals will not be held in Europe any soon, maybe until the year 2020.It was noted that there were huge costs incurred in hosting the 32 national teams when the world cup final were held in Korea and Japan. FIFA increased the amount of money it is offering to world cup winners .This was by 70% increased. This was effective in the year 1998 when this amount was paid to France after winning the world cup finals. ... There is a high probability that the finals will not be held in Europe any soon, maybe until the year 2020.It was noted that there were huge costs incurred in hosting the 32 national teams when the world cup final were held in Korea and Japan. FIFA increased the amount of money it is offering to world cup winners .This was by 70% increased. This was effective in the year 1998 when this amount was paid to France after winning the world cup finals. Initially, each team that participated in the world cup finals used to be paid 400,000. Each game that is played in the tournament was attracting 550,000.FIFA is now paying 2m to each team that participates in the world cup games even if it doesn't succeed in the initial group games. There are chances that FIFA could pay the winners an amount of 5m.This will depend on several factors. It includes the number of sponsorships that the world cups will attract and the amount rose by these finals in general. World cup finals were in the past hosted by Japan and Korea. This was tricky because the two nations have their own differences and have tense relations. These differences are in the social development, cultural and economic sectors. Regional discord could very much be promoted by the world cup finals in the two nations. 2.0 FIFA This organisation was founded in May 1904.It is the Federation International de Football Association in full. The nations that signed the act of foundation include; Sweden, Spain, Denmark, France, Belgium, Switzerland and France. At the start of the twenty first century, the first official matches under this organisation took place in Europe. The intention of starting up this organisation was to understand the role played by English in the matches. Netherlands Football Association's secretary got

Apple Strategy (1984-2004) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple Strategy (1984-2004) - Essay Example It employs about 14,800 people. Apple experienced good success during the late 1980s but testing times during the 90s. John Sculley, previously the CEO joined Apple in 1983. Sculley had the valuable experience of the 'Cola-War' between Coke and Pepsi. He was full of marketing ideas and wanted to implement them in Apple as well. Steven Jobs, more of technology oriented initially found this approach little weird, but later gave Sculley a free hand. Realizing the importance of strategic alliance, Apple had a tie up with IBM in 1991 to target the areas where Apple lacked the developmental skills but owing to cultural and other differences the alliance did not last long. Sculley did an introspection and identified some key areas where more professionalism was required in the approach of Apple. For example discipline, work schedule and cost management were the areas put on notice. As part of marketing strategy, Apple also reduced the prices of existing products. But somehow this resulted in losses for Apple. In the meantime Sculley also propagated the 'Newton' series of notebooks, but somehow this series did not have many takers in the market, which resulted in further financial losses. Sculley was then replace with Michael Spindler in 1993 who lasted only three years making way for Gil Amelio, who came out with the Macintosh product range for designers and artists. From here onward Apple brought out radical changes in the marketi ng strategies as well. Amelio also realized that the 'free for all' culture where anybody was free to defy anybody in the company, is causing losses to the company. He believed in more conventional strategy where project managers are supposed to sincerely implement the strategies devised by the strategists, whatever the outcome. Apple thrived on its core competency of 'making the technology easy to use'. Amelio decided to make fullest use of this core competency in areas other than the PC segment. Apple started working on 'Copeland' the new operating system. IT experts started predicting that with the Copeland -1996 will prove to be an advance version of Windows-95. But declining sales and falling profits did not allow the launch of Copeland on time. However Apple acquired another software company NeXT with Steven Jobs back in saddle. NeXT too did not find wide acceptability in the market. This resulted in another round of introspection in Apple hierarchy. Executives from NeXT took over majority of the management portfolios. Workforce was drastically reduced, which paved the way for exit of Amelio. This, coupled with declining sales, gave rise to intense speculation in the industry about the future course of action that Apple will be taking. In August 1997 Steve Jobs announced a strategic tie-up with its lon g time rival Microsoft. Microsoft invested $150 million in Apple and the agreement stated that, 'Microsoft would develop and distribute office applications fro the Apple Macintosh while Apple would bundle Microsoft's Internet Explorer in future Mac products.' This provided a new lease of life for Apple, while for Microsoft it was a strategic move to lower the level of competition in the industry. As a result of this tie up Apple became profitable again in 1998. Now the challenging task for Jobs was to widen the market for Mac, because so far Mac was popular amongst

Interactive and Digital Marketing Research Paper - 1

Interactive and Digital Marketing - Research Paper Example 636-645). Furthermore, in this age, both interactive as well as digital marketing is highly used in order to enhance the bonding within the customers and the organization. It is the bonding or relationship that acts as a catalyst for the organization of today’s age to improve its presence and sustainability in the market. However, in order to retain such type of relationship with the customers, it’s extremely essential to offer all sort of essential information or details regarding the products and services of the organization in an effective way. This report mainly deals with the information available within the web-sites of two retailers named Primark and marks and spender (M&S). It also describes the difference present within the websites of the two mentioned retailers along with the traditional bricks and mortar shops. According to Kotler (2008), marketing acts as a tool that may be used to identify, anticipate, and gratify the requirements and demands of the customers in an effective way. Moreover, in today’s age, marketing is essential to identify the target customers of the products or services of an organization. However, in this age of digitalisation, it might be possible only if an organization becomes successful in developing an online presence. Online or digital sites helps an organization to present its products or services to a wide range of customers of varying income profiles, age-groups and standards in a very short period of time as stated by market segmentation theory. Along with this, with the help of online or digital websites, an organization may immediately fulfil the queries of its target customers and develop the customised products that might prove effective in increasing its profitability and loyalty in the market among other rival brands (Keegan. 2002, pp. 456-467). Due to these underlining reasons, the level of preference of digital or online websites is quite high as

Oxidative Decolourisation of Rosaniline Hydrochloride (RAH)

Oxidative Decolourisation of Rosaniline Hydrochloride (RAH) Kinetic, thermodynamic studies for oxidation of rosaniline hydrochloride dye by persulphate in ambient temperatures Z. M. Abou-Gamra* Abstract The kinetics of the oxidative decolourisation of rosaniline hydrochloride (RAH) by sodium persulphate was studied spectrophotometrically over pH range 3.5-9.5 at 30-45 oC. The reaction was second order with respect to dye and half order to persulphate. Increasing the pH of the medium increased the rate of decolourisation dramatically in alkaline medium. The Activation Parameters were found to be 62.11 kJ mol-1, 90.33 kJ mol-1 and -98.44J K-1 mol-1 with respect to activation energy, free energy and entropy respectively. Addition of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate had no effect on the rate of decolourisation. Key wards: Kinetics, Mechanism, Degradation, Rosaniline, Persulphate. 1. Introduction Textile dyeing process is significant source of environmental pollution. It produces large amounts of highly colored effluents, which generally toxic resistant to destruction by biological treatment methods. Many physical, chemical processes such as adsorption [1], electrochemical [2], photocatalytic [3] are used to remove the dyes from waste water. Chemical oxidative processes seem to provide an opportunity for future use in industrial wastewater. Examples of such potentially effective chemical oxidants for oxidative processes include Fenton reagent [4-5], KBrO3 [6-7] and KClO3 [8]. *corresponding author e-mail: [emailprotected] The use of persulfate has recently attention as an alternative oxidant in the chemical oxidation of contaminants [9-12]. Persulphate (KPS) is one of the strongest oxidants known in aqueous solution and has a higher potential (Eo = 2.01 V) than H2O2 (Eo = 1.76 V) [13] Table 1. It offers some advantages over other oxidants as a solid chemical at ambient temperature with ease of storage and transport, high stability, high aqueous solubility and relatively low cost. It has great capability for degrading numerous organic contaminants through free radicals ( SO4-. and HO.) generated in the persulphate system [12]. Basic dyes, such as, crystal violet, malachite green and roseaniline hydrochloride are used cotton tannin, mordant printing and dyeing in textile. Rosaniline is triphenylmethane dyes with amino group on each phenyl ring. Its structure is easily reducible where the chromophore group is destroyed and the compound loses its colour. Redox reaction of rosaniline hydrochloride by sulphite and nitrite ions are reported earlier [14-16]. This work focused on the kinetic study of oxidation of rosaniline hydrochloride with persulphate at ambient temperature spectrophotometrically. The effects of pH, dye, persulphate concentrations and temperature were studied. Also mechanism as well as rate law equation for the reaction is proposed. 2. Experimental 2.1. Reagents and materials All chemicals were of pure grade and were used without further purification. Rosaniline hydrochloride BDH (molecular weight =337.8, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬max = 540 nm). The chemical structure of (RAH) is given in (Fig.1). NaCl and Na2SO4 were purchased from Merck. All solutions were prepared using bidistilled water. Stock solutions of dye (1 mM), K2S2O8 (100mM) were prepared. The pH is adjusted by HCl and NaOH solutions. 2.2. Kinetic experiments All kinetic measurements were carried out using a Cecil 292 spectrophotometer equipped with a water-jacketed cell holder. The reactants (dye and K2S2O8+NaOH) were thermostated for 15 min., then mixed thoroughly and quickly transferred to an absorption cell. The progress of the reaction was monitored at 540 nm. The pH of the reaction was adjusted using Griffin pH-meter fitted with a combined glass calomel electrode. 3. Results and Discussion Kinetic study for oxidation of (RAH) by (KPS) was followed at à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬max= 540nm. Figure 2 shows the decreasing of absorbance with time. Figure 2 also shows that about 85% of rosaniline is removed in 60 minutes at temperature 25 oC. 3.1 Kinetic study In the present study, zero-, first- and second-order reaction kinetics were used to study the decolourization kinetics of (RAH) by (KPS). The individual expression were represented below Ct = Co– kot lnCt = -k1t + ln Co 1/Ct = 1/Co+ k2t where Ct is the concentration of (RAH) at reaction time t. Regression analysis based on the zero-, first- and second-order reaction kinetics for the decolourization of (RAH) by (KPS) was conducted and the results were shown in (Fig. 3). Since plotting of At versus time did not give straight line zero-order kinetics is excluded. Comparing the regression coefficients (R2) obtained from (Fig. 3b) and (Fig. c), it can be seen that R2 of the second-order reaction kinetics (Fig. 3c) was 0.9995, which was obviously much better than that based on the first-order (R2 = 0.9394) reaction kinetics. The results indicated that the decolorization kinetics of (RAH) followed the second-order kinetics well. Based on the above analysis, the second-order kinetic rate constants for the decolourization of (RAH) at different reaction conditions were shown in Table 2. 3.2. Effect of pH A thermally activated persulphate oxidation system is known to involve SO4. and HO. radicals depending on the pH of the medium. According to literature survey, SO4. is predominant oxidant radicals at pHà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¼ 7, both SO4. and HO. are present at neutral pH and HO. is predominant radical at pH à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¾ 9[9]. Keeping the concentration of (RAH), (KPS) and temperature constant and change the pH in range 3.5 to 9.5, the rate of reaction is increased by increasing the pH value, (Fig. 4). Increasing the pH in range 3.5 to 9.5 increased observed rate constant from 6.7x 10-4 to 6.8 x 10-3 mol dm3 s-1, Table 2. This is probably attributed to the effect of hydroxyl ion on (RAH) which converting it to a carbinol base with no conjugation structure. All studies have done at pH = 9 since dyeing cotton performed in alkaline medium [17]. 3.3. Effect of dye concentration The effect of initial (RAH) concentration of aqueous solution of rosaniline on oxidation process by persulphate was investigated since pollutant concentration is important parameter in wastewater treatment. The observed rate constant decreases linearly with increasing the initial concentration of rosaniline, (Fig. 5). This is attributed to relatively lower of SO4-. and HO. results from the increasing of rosaline concentration while concentration of persulphate and hydroxyl ions remains the same. The obtained results was in good agreement earlier reported [18-19]. 3.4. Effect of persulphate concentration Increasing the persulphate concentration in rang 410-3 to 2.4x 10-2 mol dm-3 increasing the rate constant from 3.1310-3 to 9.9210-3 mol-1dm3 s-1 at pH= 9 and temperature 40oC, Table 2. Plotting of log kobs versus log [K2S2O8] give straight line of slope equals 0.63 indicating the order of reaction with respect to persulphate is half, (Fig. 6). This is similar to results obtained by T. Mushinga and S. Jonnalagadda [20]. Also the fraction order ( n = 0.779) with respect to persulphate is obtained by M. Ahmadi et al[19]. 3.5. Effect of temperature The variation of the temperature in range of 303-318 K increases the rate of decolourization of rosaniline, (Fig. 7). The activation energy was calculated from Arrhenius plot and Eyring equation and was found to be 62.11 kJ mol-1. The activation energy for decolourisation of RY84 was 45.84 kJ mol-1[19] while for decolourisation of CV by persulphate was 28.9 kJ mol-1[18]. Chen-Ju Liang and Shun-Chin Huang demonstrated that the activation energy for MB with persulphate was 87 and 90 kJ mol-1 in acidic and alkaline medium respectively [9]. The other activation parameters were determined and are found to be 90.33 kJ mol-1 and -98.44 JK-1 for free energy and entropy respectively. 3.6. Effect of inorganic anions The potent effect of persulphate as oxidizing agent in destroying the organic contaminants is high redox potential of sulphate free radical. The presence of other species in waste water such as chloride, sulphate and phosphate could reduce its oxidation efficiency. It is reported earlier [21] that chloride can react with sulphate free radicals according to the following mechanism: Chloride concentrations had insignificant effect in studied range [0.008- 0.08 mol dm-3]. Also the presence of sulphate did not reduce the decolourisation rate. Similar results are observed earlier [21-23]. 4. Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law The probable mechanism of reaction involves the break of conjugation of roseaniline hydrochloride. Since the fraction order of persulphate is observed, It likely that the initial reaction is thermal decomposition of persulphate, Applying equilibrium approximation and assuming an equilibrium between the reactant and product of (eq. 1) From (eqs.5 6) If the proposed mechanism and rate low are probable, so plotting of kobs versus [S2O82-]1/2 should yielded straight line passing by origin and the slope should be equals k x K1/2. Using the data in Table 3 and the plot gave straight line passing by the origin with slope =0.065 (R2 = 0.9557) which support the proposed mechanism. Conclusion In this study, (RAH) was successfully degraded in aqueous solutions by the persulphate and it was found that the reaction of (RAH) degradation follows the second-order kinetic model with respect to (RAH) and half order to persulphate. The activation energy for (RAH) degradation with the persulphate was determined to be 62.11 kJ mol-1.The presence of inorganic ions such as NaCl and Na2SO4 had no effects on the (RAH) degradation. References 1- Z. M. A bou-Gamra, H. A. Medien, Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies of Rhodamine B adsorption by low cost of biosorbent sugar cane bagasse Eur. Chem. Bull., 2(7) (2013) 417-422. 2-M. JoviĆ¡, D. StankoviĆ¡, D. ManojloviĆ¡, I. AnÄ‘elkoviĆ¡, A. MiliĆ¡, B. DojÄ inoviĆ¡1, G. RogliĆ¡, Study of the electrochemical oxidation of reactive textile dyes using platinum electrode, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 168-183. 3-J. Ã…  Ãƒ ­ma, P. Hasal, Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes in aTiO2/UV system chemical engineering transaction 32 (2013) 79-84. 4- Z. M. Abou-Gamra, Kinetic of decoloration of alizarine red S in aqueous media by Fenton like mechanism, Eur. Chem. Bull., 3(1) (2014) 108-112. 5- H. A. Medien, S. M. E. Khalil, Kinetics of the oxidative decolorization of some organic dyes utilizing Fenton-like reaction in water J. King Saud Univ. (Science), 22 (2010) 147-153. 6-A.H. Gemeay, G.R. El-Ghrabawy, A.B. Zaki, Kinetics of the oxidative decolorization of Reactive Blue-19 by acidic bromate in homogeneous and heterogeneous media Dyes Pigments 73 (2007) 90-97. 7-M. Nasiruddin Khan, Z. Siddiqui, F. Uddin, Kinetic and mechanism study of the oxidative decolorization of neutral Red by bromate in micellar Medium, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 6(3) (2009), 533-541. 8- Y. Mohammed, A.C. Etonihu, V.A. Tsa, Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride (crystal violet) oxidation by chlorate ions in aqueous acidic medium: approach to the mechanism of reaction, Trakia J. Sci. 9 (2011) 1-7. 9-C. Liang, S. Huang, Kinetic model for sulfate/hydroxyl radical oxidation of methylene blue in a thermally-activated persulfate system at various pH and temperatures, Sustain Environ. Res., 22(4) (2012) 199-208. 10-C. Liang, Z. Wang, C. J. Bruell, Influence of pH on persulfate oxidation of TCE at ambient temperatures, Chemosphere 66 (2007) 106-113. 11-X. Xu, X. Li, Degradation of azo dye Orange G in aqueous solutions by persulfate with ferrous ion, Separation and Purification Technology 72 (2010) 105-111. 12-X. Xu, S. Li, J. Liu, Y. Yu, H. Li, Activation of persulfate and Its environmental application, International J. of Environment and Bioenergy, 1(1) (2012) 60-81. 13- D.C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 4th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. 14- J.F. Iyun,. H.M. Lawal, Non- metal redox kinetics; the reduction of pararosaniline chloride by sulphite ions acidic solutions, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria 22(1997)155-159. 15- O.A. Babatunde, Kinetics and mechanism of reduction of parafuchsin by nitrite Ions in aqueous Acid Medium, World Journal of Chemistry 4 (1) (2009) 39-44. 16- J.F. Iyun, O.D. Onu, Nigerian J. Chem. Research, 3 (1998), 24. 17- A. Walters, D. Santillo, P. Johnston, â€Å"An Overview of Textiles Processing and Related Environmental Concerns†. Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK, 2005, p.16. 18-L.M.A. Fayoumi, M.A. Ezzedine, H.H. Akel, M.M. El Jamal, Kinetic study of the degradation of crystal violet by K2S2O8 comparison with malachite green, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 30(2) (2012) 121-133. 19- M. Ahmadi, J. Behin, A. R. Mahnam, Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxydisulfate oxidation of reactive yellow 84, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society (2013), in press. 20- T. Mushinga, S. B. Jonnalagadda, A kinetic approach for the mechanism of malachite green-peroxydisulphate reaction in aqueous solution, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 24 (1992), 41-49. 21-Y. Lee, S. Lo, J. Kuo, C. Hsieh, Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH, and chloride ions, Frontiers Environ. Sci. Engin., 6(1) (2012), 17-25. 22-B. E. T. Soares, M. A. Lansarin, C. C. Moro, A study of process variables for catalytic degradation, Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 24(1) (2007) 29- 36. 23-A. H. Mcheik, M. M. El Jamal, Kinetic study of the decolorization of rhodamine B with persulphate, iron activation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 48(4) (2013) 357-365. 1

Puritan Society Essay -- Religion

The modern use of the word puritan is commonly used to describe someone who may have hard line views on sex, discredits recreational activities, and continually tries to impose their beliefs on others they come into contact with. However the term "Puritan" in the sense of this was not coined until the 1560s, when it appeared as a term of abuse for those who found the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of inadequate (Henretta pg 98). Puritanism has had a historical importance over time and most general views must understand the way it changed character and emphasis almost decade by decade. Moreover the seventeenth-century Puritans contributed to our country's sense of mission, its work ethic, and its moral sensibility. Today, eight million Americans can trace their ancestry to the fifteen to twenty thousand Puritans who migrated to New England (Mintz, S. 2007). This is a significant slice of today’s population, so as you can already see these people had a huge impact on the Unite d States. There is more to the Puritans than just migrating and to better understand Puritanism one needs to learn about their history and where they came from. The designation "Puritan" is at many times not used correctly; in the past this word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, which can also be traced back to 1564. In actuality Puritans were a grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries and were founded by some Marian exiles from shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. They were blocked from changing the system from within, but their views were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands... ...c reason. Puritans also believed heavily in education as we do today, not just as a way to better ourselves, but to better society as a whole. Works Cited Armstrong, Nancy, and Leonard Tennenhouse. The Imaginary Puritan: Literature, Intellectual Labor, and the Origins of Personal Life. Berkeley: U of California Press, 1992. Henretta, James A. and David Brody. America: A Concise History, Volume I: To 1877. 4th ed., Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2010. Mintz, S. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved April 20, 2011 from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu Susan Hardman Moore (1992). Review of Charles Lloyd Cohen 'God's Caress. The psychology of Puritan religious experience' The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 43, pp 515-515

Global warming and climatic changes Essay

Global warming and climatic changes have a synergistic relationship-one leads to the other. Climatic changes are substantial alterations in the earth’s climate that lasts for an extended period of time and can be as a result of global warming. Global warming is defined as a change of climate that causes an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. This is attributed to human interferences especially the release of excessive amounts of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and other fluorinated gases. Global warming is on the rise but in the last century the rate of increase has been alarming. This has prompted world leaders to seek ways of thwarting the rise. It has been revealed that the average temperature of the atmosphere has risen by between 0. 74-0. 18oC. , in a span of one century . This paper tries to identify the solutions to global warming as well as highlighting the positions taken by opponents of the identified solutions. The impacts of global warming on the youths in future as well as the effects of hydrogen and fuel cell on warming are also discussed. Solutions to Global Warming Researches indicate that there is no immediate solution to global warming but there are a number of measures which if followed will retard the development and even reduce the rate of global warming. Some of the measures include; investing a lot in renewable energy, and reduction of the amount of heat trapping gases such as carbondioxide, methane, and ozone emitted to the environment. Much of these gases are from the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide, nevertheless, investing in renewable source of energy, energy efficiency and increasing the efficiency of the vehicles we drive can serve as a great step towards the reduction of overdependence on oil and other fossils fuels that are the source of greenhouse gases and thus global warming. Efficient use of the available energy coupled with the shift to renewable forms of energy such as wind, solar geothermal and bio-energy may significantly reduce the release of heat trapping gases. Nations should plant palm plants and corn plants which are later processed to release alcohol (ethernol) which when burnt releases only energy and water which do not contribute to global warming. The developed countries as well as the newly industrialized economies are the major contributors of green house gases , the U. S in particular produces 70% of all its electricity from fossil fuel such as coal natural gas oil and only 2% of renewable source. The usage of electricity from renewable source offers the most effective way towards the reduction of global warming. De-privatizing (socializing) the US power companies will also serve as an essential step towards solving global warming. This is because de-privatization will allow faster transition from the use of fossil fuel to renewable forms of energy without much consideration to private profits however this calls for serious round table discussions between governments and power companies to reach a consensus. The public also play active role in the fight to contain global warming. The public more than the companies form the larger proportion of the global inhabitants and unless they are involved in the quest for its solution, all will be in vain. They should be educated in regard to green house gases. Leaders worldwide should also be informed of their role in the fight against global warming and should represent their governments effectively on the transition to renewable energy (John J Berger pp. 97). The public should be conversant with the effective use of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy and bio-ethernol. United States and other industrialized nations should be pressurized into the adoption of international treaties to reduce green house gas emission this is because they are a major contributor of carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases in the environment. It should be noted that the newly industrialized economies and other developing countries are keeping close watch on the developments taken by the U. S and if they are not in harmony with the international treaties, these countries will also violate the rules and thus blowing out of proportion the effects of global warming. Demerits of the proposed solutions to global warming Despite the aforementioned solutions to global warming, different individuals and groups are very skeptical because they feel that solutions are far from being practical. They argue that the conversion to renewable energy will face a lot of challenges since it negates the previous policies that aimed at helping infant industries in developing countries. In addition, they feel that the shift to renewable energy will hinder the development of other nations thus increasing inequality within nations as has been the case in the last two decades. This they argue will aggravate the social and political tensions. The diversion of the worlds leading grain crop to the production of fuel may affect food prices everywhere. In the event world corn prices rise, so will those of wheat and rice both because of consumer substitution. The crops will also compete for land. This will ultimately hinder the fight against food insecurity and hunger which are perennial problems affecting most of the developing countries. The conversion of agricultural land and forests into farms growing crops suitable for bio-ethernol and other natural sources of renewable energy will have far reaching repercussions. Key among them is the risk of environmental pollution and accumulation of carbon dioxide which will otherwise worsen the situation instead of improving the global climate. This has been evidenced in south East Asia especially Indonesia. When the European Union decided to promote bio-fuel to counter global warming and rain forests were destroyed and replaced with palm trees that make palm oil for fuel. Many plantations were based on highly organic soil and when the farmers burned the land to clear it they dumped millions of tons of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. A bio-fuel scheme designed to slow global warming actually wound up accelerating the phenomenon. Similarly non-renewable sources of energy are cheaper to produce compared to the renewable alternatives. This will ultimately hinder industrial development in developing countries as well as reduce crop production increasing food insecurity. Problems the Youth Are Likely To Face Due To Global Warming Global warming and climatic changes are believed to pose serious threats not only to the youths but also to the entire future generations (NAST 2001 pp. 620). This is because it poses an exceptional environmental and ecological misfortune to the habitats all species. Some of the adverse effects of climate change that the youth are likely to face in future include; hunger, thirst, floods and diseases. Change in temperature and precipitation patterns have a direct relationship with the frequency duration and intensity of other extreme weather conditions such as floods, droughts heat, waves and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat reduced stream flows and species extinction. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning in to areas where they were previously extinct. As result of all the energies will be directed to addressing these problems putting the youths at bay. The youths will be jobless since industries will shut down and poverty levels increase. The youths will turn into crimes in order to make ends meet thus predisposing them to many dangers. Effects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells on Global Warming Hydrogen fuel cells work by allowing oxygen treat with natural gas methanol or hydrogen to produce electricity without combustion. In hydrogen fuel cells, water and heat are the only by products other than energy. Fuel cells serve as clean alternative for not only electricity generation but also usage by automobiles. Water and heat are harmless products and therefore reducing global warming. Conclusion: Green house gases such as carbon dioxide ozone and methane are the leading contributor of global warming and the solution to global warming must first of all begin with the reduction of the emission of these greenhouse gases and other heat trapping gases. However the naturally occurring gases have insignificant effects on global warming and therefore the control of artificial generation is the main concern. These gases are the leading causes of global warming. Although the developed countries bear the greatest burden towards limiting global warming, the newly industrialized countries are the major emitters of carbon dioxide and all of them must be in agreement to solve the problem. The international treaties in global warming should not be applied selectively for the fight to be won since it would promote suspicion and mistrust. Meanwhile the solution to reduction of green house gases is the shifting to renewable source of energy such as gasoline, bio-ethernol, solar, and wind energy other than the use of fossil fuel and oil. Emphasizing on energy efficiency and renewable energy will reduce the human contribution to global warming while creating a strong healthier and more secure nation The possibility of utilizing both heat and electricity from all sources of energy makes a significant contribution to reducing atmospheric emissions Reference: John J Berger beating the heat why and how we must combat global warming. Berkeley Hills book, 2000. pp. 97. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Global Temperature Trends: 2002 Summation. Goddard institute for space studies New York, New York Accessed online on November 14th 2007. www. giss. nasa. gov/research/observe/surftemp. 3pp NAST (National Assessment Synthesis Team) climate change impacts on the United States, The potential consequences of climate variability and change, foundation Report for the US global change research program, 2001. Cambridge University Press U. K. pp 620 J. T Houghton L. G Meira, Filho D. J gigs and K. Maskell. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change) stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gases physical biological and social-economic implications. IPCC technical paper iii 1997 IPCC, Geneva Switzerland pp. 52 Alcohol: cool solution to global warming? The why files. 2007. Retrieved online on 14 November 2007. http://whyfilesorg/253ethanal Global warming and energy, clean energy solution. Fuel cells. Sierra club. Accessed online on November 14th 2007. http://www. sierraclub. org/globalwarming/solutions/fuelcells. asp Lisa Bushby: hydrogen fuel cells: energy of the future environmental chemistry. http://environmentalchemistry. com/yogi/environmental/200408hydrogenfuelcells. html

Cap lane Basely Essays

Cap lane Basely Essays Cap lane Basely Essay Cap lane Basely Essay The anti. Odor technology for Cap lane Basely garments, trillions, has raised many significant environmental and health issues. In order to maintain the companys commitment to minimizing its environmental impacts, we would consider a new anti-microbial technology such as one that Noble Fiber Technologies have recently created, X-Static. Analysis As a chemical treatment at the time, trillions prevents the bacterial excretions that causes odor, which should be beneficial for our company in the market since those who have ant-odor technology were growing quickly and would adopt about 2 percent of the market. Yet, it is also a chemical used in sanitize, soap, cutting boards, and many other hospital products that have become a registered pesticide and has found its way into the sewage treatment facilities that kills the bacteria responsible for treating sweaters. Unfortunately, our product line that adopts this treatment constituted 15 percent of our total sales, thus the decision to stop adopting this chemical would be difficult from a marketing position, and risking financial implications from the loss of the products competitiveness, but not from an environmental position. On the other hand, X-Static technology would be received as a safer alternative since it would be a viable and effective technology that virtually eliminates heavy impacts of toxic wastewater generated during manufacturing.

Free Essays on Early 20th Century

Early 20th Century Systematic espionage aided the Japanese in defeating the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. In preparing for World War I the Germans again flooded France with a host of espionage agents, some of whom were disguised as trade representatives, teachers, agricultural laborers, or domestics. The most famous of these agents was Mata Hari, who posed as an Indian dancer in Paris. German agents also engaged in attempts to sabotage American national defense both before and after the U.S. entry into World War I. Most nations, however, entered World War I with inadequate espionage staffs, and the war was frequently fought on the basis of poor intelligence. The lessons of that war, along with rapid advances in technology, especially in communications and aviation, spurred a major growth in intelligence agencies. This was further stimulated by the advent of Fascist governments in Europe and a military dictatorship in Japan, all of which had expansionist foreign policies, and the creation of counterespionage agencies such as the Gestapo in Nazi Germany. These developments led other, democratic countries to establish counterespionage systems as well. World War II. World War II was the great stimulus to intelligence services worldwide. Modern military and communications technology put a premium on accurate and quick information, as well as on efforts to protect the security of sensitive information. Some of the great battles of World War II were actually intelligence and counterintelligence battles. Only in recent years have some of the exploits, and failures, in this secret war been disclosed. Notable is Operation Double Cross, in which the British captured practically all the German spies in Great Britain during the war and turned them into double agents who sent false information back to Germany. Also, the British and their allies were able to break the German secret code, providing access... Free Essays on Early 20th Century Free Essays on Early 20th Century Early 20th Century Systematic espionage aided the Japanese in defeating the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. In preparing for World War I the Germans again flooded France with a host of espionage agents, some of whom were disguised as trade representatives, teachers, agricultural laborers, or domestics. The most famous of these agents was Mata Hari, who posed as an Indian dancer in Paris. German agents also engaged in attempts to sabotage American national defense both before and after the U.S. entry into World War I. Most nations, however, entered World War I with inadequate espionage staffs, and the war was frequently fought on the basis of poor intelligence. The lessons of that war, along with rapid advances in technology, especially in communications and aviation, spurred a major growth in intelligence agencies. This was further stimulated by the advent of Fascist governments in Europe and a military dictatorship in Japan, all of which had expansionist foreign policies, and the creation of counterespionage agencies such as the Gestapo in Nazi Germany. These developments led other, democratic countries to establish counterespionage systems as well. World War II. World War II was the great stimulus to intelligence services worldwide. Modern military and communications technology put a premium on accurate and quick information, as well as on efforts to protect the security of sensitive information. Some of the great battles of World War II were actually intelligence and counterintelligence battles. Only in recent years have some of the exploits, and failures, in this secret war been disclosed. Notable is Operation Double Cross, in which the British captured practically all the German spies in Great Britain during the war and turned them into double agents who sent false information back to Germany. Also, the British and their allies were able to break the German secret code, providing access...

Research Paper on Exploring Advertising's Impact on Our Society

On Exploring Advertising's Impact on Our Society - Research Paper Example Moreover with the launch of face book and Twitter, the communication process has become more influencing than ever. The Advertising media’s influence on children has created a new social type in the society. Everywhere in the world, the largest audience of television is the children in young age group. â€Å"Children are a captive audience: The average American child watches an estimate between 25,000 to 40,000 television commercials per year. In the UK, it is about 10,000†.The Advertisers employ children who are popular in their advertisements in order to catch young people’s attention .The aim of advertisers is to develop a brand loyalty with the children as they can persuade the parents to buy their products .The brand loyalty once created with a child will remain throughout their lives. According to (O’reilly, pg.248)â€Å" Corporations spend approximately $ 17 billion each year for marketing to children†. The main reason for advertiser’s to target children is because of the influence they have on their father and mother. The Current Phenomenon of Advertising The concept of advertising emerged as a process to influence the behavior and attitudes of a person in favor of the products of a company. Nowadays, we can find advertisement in every place we come in contact with. The main point of channelizing advertisements is newspapers, television channels, internet and radio. The main objective of advertising is to create desire and interest in targeted people. Today the advertising which appear on internet and television are much shorter but extremely attention seeking. As per (Janoschka ,pg.12)â€Å" Today advertising must employ a variety of strategies in reactions to new conditions of communications, diversified markets and customers. Today the market is customer – oriented and advertisement is the sole method by which products enter the market. Now it is a normal practice to employ various gimmicks in adverti sement to widen the customer market and beat competition. At present the media is overloaded with information and people are suffocated with product knowledge. The overload of information means there is excess of information to be interpreted and processed .The information released by the advertising media is so wide- ranging and comprehensive that it becomes difficult for people to retrieve it.Morever, the emergence of internet has made advertising so rampant that it is difficult to ignore or avoid it. Due to increase in market segmentation the variety of products launched and marketed is enormous. The advertising instruments used to market products also get diversified and the primary source of advertisement is newspaper, then radio, television and internet. The Primary Target of Advertising At present, the advertising media is not targeted towards adults but on children who are aged 12 and under. The advertisers have discovered a huge potential in children and formulate much of t heir advertising strategies keeping them in mind. This surge in children – oriented marketing developed a couple of decades ago and now turned into a massive industry. The main reason behind it is that the children molded as a potential customer would later be loyal to the product continuously. It is easy for an advertiser to establish brand

Marketing Plan on E-Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Plan on E-Recycling - Essay Example of getting rid of the waste, as well as getting a reusable product in return. Hence recycling is a very powerful tool to use resources that would have probably gone to waste and would have caused a lot of damage. Recycling also plays a major role in reducing the greenhouse effect because when recycling takes place the gas emission is very small as compared to when the goods are produced for the first time, this too is because it takes lesser resources to recycle a good. For example, paper can easily be recycled and reused. ... It refers to recycling the electronic products that are no longer in use for many a reasons like outdated technology or any technical or machinery problem etc. E-recycling is becoming one of the most important area in the field of recycling nowadays as more and more electronic items like computers, cell phones etc are being used by more and more people. These devices are becoming more accessible, more affordable and more popular among people as the buying power of people increases and so does their awareness and interest in such products. Moreover, since the technology is changing much more rapidly than it has ever had, people switch to newer products after very short span of using older ones and dispose the used products off. This factor is also adding to the e-waste. Thus, the need of e-recycling is increasing day-by-day and it is time to take as many steps as possible to help solve this issue in order to help reduce pollution. Some examples of goods that are commonly e-recycled th e world over are electronic circuits and gadgets, computers, cell-phones, batteries and other such items. MARKETING PLAN A Marketing Plan is one of the most important parts of a business plan. A good Marketing Plan is a complete set of decisions, strategies and marketing techniques and tactics that would be necessary in order to market a product, brand, service or a product line in the most effective and efficient manner. It is a list of all the necessary actions needed to achieve one or more marketing objectives. The time period of a marketing plan may stretch from one year up to five years. Although listing down the necessary actions, tactics and techniques is very important while formulating a sound marketing plan, but if a marketing plan lacks relevant and

Intrapreneurial marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intrapreneurial marketing plan - Assignment Example 140). The old method of identifying the demand and then, gathering organizational resources to fulfill is not at all applicable in the modern era of the 21st century. The information technology and internet has transformed the globe into a global village and therefore, the competition in every industry is cutthroat. The number of competitors in every field is mounting significantly (Keller pp.150). The level of competition killed those companies that attempted to identify the demand in the marketplace. In the contemporary organizational arena, the companies have to work towards fulfillment of customers’ psychological needs. The approach of celebrity endorsement has been conceptualized and developed in the light of Maslow’s theory as people like to attain attachment with famous people (McCracken pp. 315). Thusly, it can be established that psychological value is the most effective way of winning customer loyalty in the current times. But, the companies that can create so me new way to fulfilling the customer’s existing needs can do well as well because the people of modern world love creativity as the living standards are improving in all parts of the world simultaneously. The customers are finding innovative companies that have the capacity to meet their real needs in a different and unique manner. Additionally, it is also important to note that the modern clientele is reverting towards quality and the concept of psychological value is deforming with the passage of time. However, the world of consumerism is ending and the people are getting more and more interested in maximizing their utility with efficiency. But, one industry remained quite profitable in all periods and it is called the entertainment commerce (Moscardo and Pearce pp. 473). The work environment is getting increasingly challenging and therefore people attempt to spend their downtime in relaxing and enjoying. The notion of theme park is developed in order to give customers an opportunity to interact with their favorite cartoon characters. The entertainment industry is known to remain blooming in every possible economic conditions because people will always keep ending up tired and exhausted at the weekends and then, they will require some place to get rid of their tiredness. Therefore, it will be very fruitful to open a theme park based on famous film characters. The suggested model of theme park will supposedly be based on Star Trek The Next Generation that is a famous sci-fi Television series of 1980s. All of the American population is believed to be a fan of scientific movies and therefore, the idea will be purchased like hot cakes in the local marketplace. The industry of theme park is relatively slow in terms of absorbing new technologies whereas, it offers the greatest level of return on assets. In addition, the humans have a tendency to pay generously against the services that have the power and ability to alleviate work stress. Furthermore, the c ompany may have the luxury to outsource the operational level management and thusly, it will be able to make pure profit in the form of rent and royalty. The fear and threat of technological obsolesce is minimal in the featured industry. Moreover, the attractive level of financial returns will assist the company in bringing advance level technology change more rapidly and swiftly. The notion of psychological value will also be satisfied with the help of giving people a chance to interact with

Jasper Jones Essay Example for Free

Jasper Jones Essay Bullying is a huge problem in schools, communities, and homes. Bullying doesnt just happen at a certain age, but it happens at any age. Bullying happens all over the world and is a huge problem thats happening around the world. After The Vietnam War the Australians hated the Vietnamese. It took 521 Australian lives and left many soldiers with permanent disabilities (the Vietnam war). The Australians lost the most people ever in this war. After that war any Vietnamese person would have gotten bullied. bullying causes suicide. Because it makes you feel bad about yourself.It makes you feel like you are incapable and/or undeserving of being loved and standing up for yourself.When a bully does something to embarrass you everyone sees it and that makes you feel like a failure.It makes you feel inadequate.It doesnt cause just depression.It makes you hate yourself and others and maybe even the world for tolerating such behavior. If you thought that the effects of bullying disappear as soon as your child gets out of school, you are horribly mistaken. Social bullying like circulation of rumors and gossiping could prove to be more harmful than bruises or black eyes suffered in a school fight. The psychological effects of this social type of bullying extend long beyond the school days and linger into early adulthood. This leads to depression and anxiety even when the victim has attained adulthood. Recent studies reveal that there is a connection between â€Å"relational victimization in adolescence and depression and anxiety in early adulthood. Instead of going physical, like threatening a child with physical violence, social bullying tries to undermine a childs social standing and relationships by making them pariahs, keeping them out of social activities or spreading rumors that can hurt.

Mirrors Don’t Lie in Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.s The Lie Essay -- Kurt Vonne

Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.'s The Lie - Mirrors Don’t Lie In The Lie by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Eli Remenzel is a thirteen-year-old boy on his way to The Whitehill Preparatory School with his parents.   Little do they know that Eli is keeping a big secret from them: he didn’t get accepted to the school.   As the story unfolds Eli finally cracks under the pressure of the lie as the headmaster informs his parents that he wasn’t accepted at Whitehill.   What happens next is a disaster.   As I was reading the story I noticed a lot of qualities in the different characters that are traits I see in myself.   Eli, his mother Sylvia, and his father Doctor Remenzel all have different characteristics that reflect me.   These characteristics are what blend together to make me a unique individual. First I’ll focus on the similarities between Eli and myself. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. writes, â€Å"Eli sat up again, but began to slump almost immediately (†¦) hoping to die or disappear.†Ã‚   This was written while Eli kept the secret from his parents. As I reread the passage I disliked the way Eli decided to handle his secret. Instead of coming right out and telling his parents what the problem was, he ignored it, and every mile they drove it became bigger and harder to hold in. Notice the word slump in the above passage from the story.   This was the first thing to pop out at me indicating our similarity, because the word creates a vivid picture of myself when I am in similar situations. I felt Eli’s frustration building, and I realized I handle problems with my family in the same way.   My parents never have the same reaction to a problem, so I’m always scared that they’ll be angry or disappointed in me. This causes me to do exact... ...tor Rememzel, I accomplished nothing embarrassed myself, yet the next time I was unhappy I would repeat my actions over again. I no longer throw temper tantrums, but I do speak before I think and often say and do things that I do not mean. Unlike the other previously mentioned faults, I am quite aware of this one, and I recognized the similarities between Doctor Remenzel and myself right away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, I disliked The Lie, because the characters in it exemplify the worst qualities in myself.   Whether it’s not being honest with my family, being self-absorbed, or my uncontrollable temper, I cannot like characters that possess these traits because I hate these traits within myself. Reading about the characters is like looking into a mirror, and like the title says, mirrors don’t lie.   

Twilight 14. MIND OVER MATTER

14. MIND OVER MATTER He could drive well, when he kept the speed reasonable, I had to admit. Like so many things, it seemed to be effortless to him. He barely looked at the road, yet the tires never deviated so much as a centimeter from the center of the lane. He drove one-handed, holding my hand on the seat. Sometimes he gazed into the setting sun, sometimes he glanced at me – my face, my hair blowing out the open window, our hands twined together. He had turned the radio to an oldies station, and he sang along with a song I'd never heard. He knew every line. â€Å"You like fifties music?† I asked. â€Å"Music in the fifties was good. Much better than the sixties, or the seventies, ugh!† He shuddered. â€Å"The eighties were bearable.† â€Å"Are you ever going to tell me how old you are?† I asked, tentative, not wanting to upset his buoyant humor. â€Å"Does it matter much?† His smile, to my relief, remained unclouded. â€Å"No, but I still wonder†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I grimaced. â€Å"There's nothing like an unsolved mystery to keep you up at night.† â€Å"I wonder if it will upset you,† he reflected to himself. He gazed into the sun; the minutes passed. â€Å"Try me,† I finally said. He sighed, and then looked into my eyes, seeming to forget the road completely for a time. Whatever he saw there must have encouraged him. He looked into the sun – the light of the setting orb glittered off his skin in ruby-tinged sparkles – and spoke. â€Å"I was born in Chicago in 1901.† He paused and glanced at me from the corner of his eyes. My face was carefully unsurprised, patient for the rest. He smiled a tiny smile and continued. â€Å"Carlisle found me in a hospital in the summer of 1918. I was seventeen, and dying of the Spanish influenza.† He heard my intake of breath, though it was barely audible to my own ears. He looked down into my eyes again. â€Å"I don't remember it well – it was a very long time ago, and human memories fade.† He was lost in his thoughts for a short time before he went on. â€Å"I do remember how it felt, when Carlisle saved me. It's not an easy thing, not something you could forget.† â€Å"Your parents?† â€Å"They had already died from the disease. I was alone. That was why he chose me. In all the chaos of the epidemic, no one would ever realize I was gone.† â€Å"How did he†¦ save you?† A few seconds passed before he answered. He seemed to choose his words carefully. â€Å"It was difficult. Not many of us have the restraint necessary to accomplish it. But Carlisle has always been the most humane, the most compassionate of us†¦ I don't think you could find his equal throughout all of history.† He paused. â€Å"For me, it was merely very, very painful.† I could tell from the set of his lips, he would say no more on this subject. I suppressed my curiosity, though it was far from idle. There were many things I needed to think through on this particular issue, things that were only beginning to occur to me. No doubt his quick mind had already comprehended every aspect that eluded me. His soft voice interrupted my thoughts. â€Å"He acted from loneliness. That's usually the reason behind the choice. I was the first in Carlisle's family, though he found Esme soon after. She fell from a cliff. They brought her straight to the hospital morgue, though, somehow, her heart was still beating.† â€Å"So you must be dying, then, to become†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We never said the word, and I couldn't frame it now. â€Å"No, that's just Carlisle. He would never do that to someone who had another choice.† The respect in his voice was profound whenever he spoke of his father figure. â€Å"It is easier he says, though,† he continued, â€Å"if the blood is weak.† He looked at the now-dark road, and I could feel the subject closing again. â€Å"And Emmett and Rosalie?† â€Å"Carlisle brought Rosalie to our family next. I didn't realize till much later that he was hoping she would be to me what Esme was to him – he was careful with his thoughts around me.† He rolled his eyes. â€Å"But she was never more than a sister. It was only two years later that she found Emmett. She was hunting – we were in Appalachia at the time – and found a bear about to finish him off. She carried him back to Carlisle, more than a hundred miles, afraid she wouldn't be able to do it herself. I'm only beginning to guess how difficult that journey was for her.† He threw a pointed glance in my direction, and raised our hands, still folded together, to brush my cheek with the back of his hand. â€Å"But she made it,† I encouraged, looking away from the unbearable beauty of his eyes. â€Å"Yes,† he murmured. â€Å"She saw something in his face that made her strong enough. And they've been together ever since. Sometimes they live separately from us, as a married couple. But the younger we pretend to be, the longer we can stay in any given place. Forks seemed perfect, so we all enrolled in high school.† He laughed. â€Å"I suppose we'll have to go to their wedding in a few years, again.† â€Å"Alice and Jasper?† â€Å"Alice and Jasper are two very rare creatures. They both developed a conscience, as we refer to it, with no outside guidance. Jasper belonged to another†¦ family, a very different kind of family. He became depressed, and he wandered on his own. Alice found him. Like me, she has certain gifts above and beyond the norm for our kind.† â€Å"Really?† I interrupted, fascinated. â€Å"But you said you were the only one who could hear people's thoughts.† â€Å"That's true. She knows other things. She sees things – things that might happen, things that are coming. But it's very subjective. The future isn't set in stone. Things change.† His jaw set when he said that, and his eyes darted to my face and away so quickly that I wasn't sure if I only imagined it. â€Å"What kinds of things does she see?† â€Å"She saw Jasper and knew that he was looking for her before he knew it himself. She saw Carlisle and our family, and they came together to find us. She's most sensitive to non-humans. She always sees, for example, when another group of our kind is coming near. And any threat they may pose.† â€Å"Are there a lot of†¦ your kind?† I was surprised. How many of them could walk among us undetected? â€Å"No, not many. But most won't settle in any one place. Only those like us, who've given up hunting you people† – a sly glance in my direction – â€Å"can live together with humans for any length of time. We've only found one other family like ours, in a small village in Alaska. We lived together for a time, but there were so many of us that we became too noticeable. Those of us who live†¦ differently tend to band together.† â€Å"And the others?† â€Å"Nomads, for the most part. We've all lived that way at times. It gets tedious, like anything else. But we run across the others now and then, because most of us prefer the North.† â€Å"Why is that?† We were parked in front of my house now, and he'd turned off the truck. It was very quiet and dark; there was no moon. The porch light was off so I knew my father wasn't home yet. â€Å"Did you have your eyes open this afternoon?† he teased. â€Å"Do you think I could walk down the street in the sunlight without causing traffic accidents? There's a reason why we chose the Olympic Peninsula, one of the most sunless places in the world. It's nice to be able to go outside in the day. You wouldn't believe how tired you can get of nighttime in eighty-odd years.† â€Å"So that's where the legends came from?† â€Å"Probably.† â€Å"And Alice came from another family, like Jasper?† â€Å"No, and that is a mystery. Alice doesn't remember her human life at all. And she doesn't know who created her. She awoke alone. Whoever made her walked away, and none of us understand why, or how, he could. If she hadn't had that other sense, if she hadn't seen Jasper and Carlisle and known that she would someday become one of us, she probably would have turned into a total savage.† There was so much to think through, so much I still wanted to ask. But, to my great embarrassment, my stomach growled. I'd been so intrigued, I hadn't even noticed I was hungry. I realized now that I was ravenous. â€Å"I'm sorry, I'm keeping you from dinner.† â€Å"I'm fine, really.† â€Å"I've never spent much time around anyone who eats food. I forget.† â€Å"I want to stay with you.† It was easier to say in the darkness, knowing as I spoke how my voice would betray me, my hopeless addiction to him. â€Å"Can't I come in?† he asked. â€Å"Would you like to?† I couldn't picture it, this godlike creature sitting in my father's shabby kitchen chair. â€Å"Yes, if it's all right.† I heard the door close quietly, and almost simultaneously he was outside my door, opening it for me. â€Å"Very human,† I complimented him. â€Å"It's definitely resurfacing.† He walked beside me in the night, so quietly I had to peek at him constantly to be sure he was still there. In the darkness he looked much more normal. Still pale, still dreamlike in his beauty, but no longer the fantastic sparkling creature of our sunlit afternoon. He reached the door ahead of me and opened it for me. I paused halfway through the frame. â€Å"The door was unlocked?† â€Å"No, I used the key from under the eave.† I stepped inside, flicked on the porch light, and turned to look at him with my eyebrows raised. I was sure I'd never used that key in front of him. â€Å"I was curious about you.† â€Å"You spied on me?† But somehow I couldn't infuse my voice with the proper outrage. I was flattered. He was unrepentant. â€Å"What else is there to do at night?† I let it go for the moment and went down the hall to the kitchen. He was there before me, needing no guide. He sat in the very chair I'd tried to picture him in. His beauty lit up the kitchen. It was a moment before I could look away. I concentrated on getting my dinner, taking last night's lasagna from the fridge, placing a square on a plate, heating it in the microwave. It revolved, filling the kitchen with the smell of tomatoes and oregano. I didn't take my eyes from the plate of food as I spoke. â€Å"How often?† I asked casually. â€Å"Hmmm?† He sounded as if I had pulled him from some other train of thought. I still didn't turn around. â€Å"How often did you come here?† â€Å"I come here almost every night.† I whirled, stunned. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"You're interesting when you sleep.† He spoke matter-of-factly. â€Å"You talk.† â€Å"No!† I gasped, heat flooding my face all the way to my hairline. I gripped the kitchen counter for support. I knew I talked in my sleep, of course; my mother teased me about it. I hadn't thought it was something I needed to worry about here, though. His expression shifted instantly to chagrin. â€Å"Are you very angry with me?† â€Å"That depends!† I felt and sounded like I'd had the breath knocked out of me. He waited. â€Å"On?† he urged. â€Å"What you heard!† I wailed. Instantly, silently, he was at my side, taking my hands carefully in his. â€Å"Don't be upset!† he pleaded. He dropped his face to the level of my eyes, holding my gaze. I was embarrassed. I tried to look away. â€Å"You miss your mother,† he whispered. â€Å"You worry about her. And when it rains, the sound makes you restless. You used to talk about home a lot, but it's less often now. Once you said, ‘It's too green.'† He laughed softly, hoping, I could see, not to offend me further. â€Å"Anything else?† I demanded. He knew what I was getting at. â€Å"You did say my name,† he admitted. I sighed in defeat. â€Å"A lot?† â€Å"How much do you mean by ‘a lot,' exactly?† â€Å"Oh no!† I hung my head. He pulled me against his chest, softly, naturally. â€Å"Don't be self-conscious,† he whispered in my ear. â€Å"If I could dream at all, it would be about you. And I'm not ashamed of it.† Then we both heard the sound of tires on the brick driveway, saw the headlights flash through the front windows, down the hall to us. I stiffened in his arms. â€Å"Should your father know I'm here?† he asked. â€Å"I'm not sure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tried to think it through quickly. â€Å"Another time then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And I was alone. â€Å"Edward!† I hissed. I heard a ghostly chuckle, then nothing else. My father's key turned in the door. â€Å"Bella?† he called. It had bothered me before; who else would it be? Suddenly he didn't seem so far off base. â€Å"In here.† I hoped he couldn't hear the hysterical edge to my voice. I grabbed my dinner from the microwave and sat at the table as he walked in. His footsteps sounded so noisy after my day with Edward. â€Å"Can you get me some of that? I'm bushed.† He stepped on the heels of his boots to take them off, holding the back of Edward's chair for support. I took my food with me, scarfing it down as I got his dinner. It burned my tongue. I filled two glasses with milk while his lasagna was heating, and gulped mine to put out the fire. As I set the glass down, I noticed the milk trembling and realized my hand was shaking. Charlie sat in the chair, and the contrast between him and its former occupant was comical. â€Å"Thanks,† he said as I placed his food on the table. â€Å"How was your day?† I asked. The words were rushed; I was dying to escape to my room. â€Å"Good. The fish were biting†¦ how about you? Did you get everything done that you wanted to?† â€Å"Not really – it was too nice out to stay indoors.† I took another big bite. â€Å"It was a nice day,† he agreed. What an understatement, I thought to myself. Finished with the last bite of lasagna, I lifted my glass and chugged the remains of my milk. Charlie surprised me by being observant. â€Å"In a hurry?† â€Å"Yeah, I'm tired. I'm going to bed early.† â€Å"You look kinda keyed up,† he noted. Why, oh why, did this have to be his night to pay attention? â€Å"Do I?† was all I could manage in response. I quickly scrubbed my dishes clean in the sink, and placed them upside down on a dish towel to dry. â€Å"It's Saturday,† he mused. I didn't respond. â€Å"No plans tonight?† he asked suddenly. â€Å"No, Dad, I just want to get some sleep.† â€Å"None of the boys in town your type, eh?† He was suspicious, but trying to play it cool. â€Å"No, none of the boys have caught my eye yet.† I was careful not to over-emphasize the word boys in my quest to be truthful with Charlie. â€Å"I thought maybe that Mike Newton†¦ you said he was friendly.† â€Å"He's Just a friend, Dad.† â€Å"Well, you're too good for them all, anyway. Wait till you get to college to start looking.† Every father's dream, that his daughter will be out of the house before the hormones kick in. â€Å"Sounds like a good idea to me,† I agreed as I headed up the stairs. â€Å"‘Night, honey,† he called after me. No doubt he would be listening carefully all evening, waiting for me to try to sneak out. â€Å"See you in the morning, Dad.† See you creeping into my room tonight at midnight to check on me. I worked to make my tread sound slow and tired as I walked up the stairs to my room. I shut the door loud enough for him to hear, and then sprinted on my tiptoes to the window. I threw it open and leaned out into the night. My eyes scanned the darkness, the impenetrable shadows of the trees. â€Å"Edward?† I whispered, feeling completely idiotic. The quiet, laughing response came from behind me. â€Å"Yes?† I whirled, one hand flying to my throat in surprise. He lay, smiling hugely, across my bed, his hands behind his head, his feet dangling off the end, the picture of ease. â€Å"Oh!† I breathed, sinking unsteadily to the floor. â€Å"I'm sorry.† He pressed his lips together, trying to hide his amusement. â€Å"Just give me a minute to restart my heart.† He sat up slowly, so as not to startle me again. Then he leaned forward and reached out with his long arms to pick me up, gripping the tops of my arms like I was a toddler. He sat me on the bed beside him. â€Å"Why don't you sit with me,† he suggested, putting a cold hand on mine. â€Å"How's the heart?† â€Å"You tell me – I'm sure you hear it better than I do.† I felt his quiet laughter shake the bed. We sat there for a moment in silence, both listening to my heartbeat slow. I thought about having Edward in my room, with my father in the house. â€Å"Can I have a minute to be human?† I asked. â€Å"Certainly.† He gestured with one hand that I should proceed. â€Å"Stay,† I said, trying to look severe. â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† And he made a show of becoming a statue on the edge of my bed. I hopped up, grabbing my pajamas from off the floor, my bag of toiletries off the desk. I left the light off and slipped out, closing the door. I could hear the sound from the TV rising up the stairs. I banged the bathroom door loudly, so Charlie wouldn't come up to bother me. I meant to hurry. I brushed my teeth fiercely, trying to be thorough and speedy, removing all traces of lasagna. But the hot water of the shower couldn't be rushed. It unknotted the muscles in my back, calmed my pulse. The familiar smell of my shampoo made me feel like I might be the same person I had been this morning. I tried not to think of Edward, sitting in my room, waiting, because then I had to start all over with the calming process. Finally, I couldn't delay anymore. I shut off the water, toweling hastily, rushing again. I pulled on my holey t-shirt and gray sweatpants. Too late to regret not packing the Victoria's Secret silk pajamas my mother got me two birthdays ago, which still had the tags on them in a drawer somewhere back home. I rubbed the towel through my hair again, and then yanked the brush through it quickly. I threw the towel in the hamper, flung my brush and toothpaste into my bag. Then I dashed down the stairs so Charlie could see that I was in my pajamas, with wet hair. â€Å"‘Night, Dad.† â€Å"‘Night, Bella.† He did look startled by my appearance. Maybe that would keep him from checking on me tonight. I took the stairs two at a time, trying to be quiet, and flew into my room, closing the door tightly behind me. Edward hadn't moved a fraction of an inch, a carving of Adonis perched on my faded quilt. I smiled, and his lips twitched, the statue coming to life. His eyes appraised me, taking in the damp hair, the tattered shirt. He raised one eyebrow. â€Å"Nice.† I grimaced. â€Å"No, it looks good on you.† â€Å"Thanks,† I whispered. I went back to his side, sitting cross-legged beside him. I looked at the lines in the wooden floor. â€Å"What was all that for?† â€Å"Charlie thinks I'm sneaking out.† â€Å"Oh.† He contemplated that. â€Å"Why?† As if he couldn't know Charlie's mind much more clearly than I could guess. â€Å"Apparently, I look a little overexcited.† He lifted my chin, examining my face. â€Å"You look very warm, actually.† He bent his face slowly to mine, laying his cool cheek against my skin. I held perfectly still. â€Å"Mmmmmm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he breathed. It was very difficult, while he was touching me, to frame a coherent question. It took me a minute of scattered concentration to begin. â€Å"It seems to be†¦ much easier for you, now, to be close to me.† â€Å"Does it seem that way to you?† he murmured, his nose gliding to the corner of my jaw. I felt his hand, lighter than a moth's wing, brushing my damp hair back, so that his lips could touch the hollow beneath my ear. â€Å"Much, much easier,† I said, trying to exhale. â€Å"Hmm.† â€Å"So I was wondering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I began again, but his fingers were slowly tracing my collarbone, and I lost my train of thought. â€Å"Yes?† he breathed. â€Å"Why is that,† my voice shook, embarrassing me, â€Å"do you think?† I felt the tremor of his breath on my neck as he laughed. â€Å"Mind over matter.† I pulled back; as I moved, he froze – and I could no longer hear the sound of his breathing. We stared cautiously at each other for a moment, and then, as his clenched jaw gradually relaxed, his expression became puzzled. â€Å"Did I do something wrong?† â€Å"No – the opposite. You're driving me crazy,† I explained. He considered that briefly, and when he spoke, he sounded pleased. â€Å"Really?† A triumphant smile slowly lit his face. â€Å"Would you like a round of applause?† I asked sarcastically. He grinned. â€Å"I'm just pleasantly surprised,† he clarified. â€Å"In the last hundred years or so,† his voice was teasing, â€Å"I never imagined anything like this. I didn't believe I would ever find someone I wanted to be with†¦ in another way than my brothers and sisters. And then to find, even though it's all new to me, that I'm good at it†¦ at being with you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You're good at everything,† I pointed out. He shrugged, allowing that, and we both laughed in whispers. â€Å"But how can it be so easy now?† I pressed. â€Å"This afternoon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's not easy,† he sighed. â€Å"But this afternoon, I was still†¦ undecided. I am sorry about that, it was unforgivable for me to behave so.† â€Å"Not unforgivable,† I disagreed. â€Å"Thank you.† He smiled. â€Å"You see,† he continued, looking down now, â€Å"I wasn't sure if I was strong enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He picked up one of my hands and pressed it lightly to his face. â€Å"And while there was still that possibility that I might be†¦ overcome† – he breathed in the scent at my wrist – â€Å"I was†¦ susceptible. Until I made up my mind that I was strong enough, that there was no possibility at all that I would†¦ that I ever could†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I'd never seen him struggle so hard for words. It was so†¦ human. â€Å"So there's no possibility now?† â€Å"Mind over matter,† he repeated, smiling, his teeth bright even in the darkness. â€Å"Wow, that was easy,† I said. He threw back his head and laughed, quietly as a whisper, but still exuberantly. â€Å"Easy for you!† he amended, touching my nose with his fingertip. And then his face was abruptly serious. â€Å"I'm trying,† he whispered, his voice pained. â€Å"If it gets to be†¦ too much, I'm fairly sure I'll be able to leave.† I scowled. I didn't like the talk of leaving. â€Å"And it will be harder tomorrow,† he continued. â€Å"I've had the scent of you in my head all day, and I've grown amazingly desensitized. If I'm away from you for any length of time, I'll have to start over again. Not quite from scratch, though, I think.† â€Å"Don't go away, then,† I responded, unable to hide the longing in my voice. â€Å"That suits me,† he replied, his face relaxing into a gentle smile. â€Å"Bring on the shackles – I'm your prisoner.† But his long hands formed manacles around my wrists as he spoke. He laughed his quiet, musical laugh. He'd laughed more tonight than I'd ever heard in all the time I'd spent with him. â€Å"You seem more†¦ optimistic than usual,† I observed. â€Å"I haven't seen you like this before.† â€Å"Isn't it supposed to be like this?† He smiled. â€Å"The glory of first love, and all that. It's incredible, isn't it, the difference between reading about something, seeing it in the pictures, and experiencing it?† â€Å"Very different,† I agreed. â€Å"More forceful than I'd imagined.† â€Å"For example† – his words flowed swiftly now, I had to concentrate to catch it all – â€Å"the emotion of jealousy. I've read about it a hundred thousand times, seen actors portray it in a thousand different plays and movies. I believed I understood that one pretty clearly. But it shocked me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He grimaced. â€Å"Do you remember the day that Mike asked you to the dance?† I nodded, though I remembered that day for a different reason. â€Å"The day you started talking to me again.† â€Å"I was surprised by the flare of resentment, almost fury, that I felt – I didn't recognize what it was at first. I was even more aggravated than usual that I couldn't know what you were thinking, why you refused him. Was it simply for your friend's sake? Was there someone else? I knew I had no right to care either way. I tried not to care. â€Å"And then the line started forming,† he chuckled. I scowled in the darkness. â€Å"I waited, unreasonably anxious to hear what you would say to them, to watch your expressions. I couldn't deny the relief I felt, watching the annoyance on your face. But I couldn't be sure. â€Å"That was the first night I came here. I wrestled all night, while watching you sleep, with the chasm between what I knew was right, moral, ethical, and what I wanted. I knew that if I continued to ignore you as I should, or if I left for a few years, till you were gone, that someday you would say yes to Mike, or someone like him. It made me angry. â€Å"And then,† he whispered, â€Å"as you were sleeping, you said my name. You spoke so clearly, at first I thought you'd woken. But you rolled over restlessly and mumbled my name once more, and sighed. The feeling that coursed through me then was unnerving, staggering. And I knew I couldn't ignore you any longer.† He was silent for a moment, probably listening to the suddenly uneven pounding of my heart. â€Å"But jealousy†¦ it's a strange thing. So much more powerful than I would have thought. And irrational! Just now, when Charlie asked you about that vile Mike Newton†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook his head angrily. â€Å"I should have known you'd be listening,† I groaned. â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"That made you feel jealous, though, really?† â€Å"I'm new at this; you're resurrecting the human in me, and everything feels stronger because it's fresh.† â€Å"But honestly,† I teased, â€Å"for that to bother you, after I have to hear that Rosalie – Rosalie, the incarnation of pure beauty, Rosalie – was meant for you. Emmett or no Emmett, how can I compete with that?† â€Å"There's no competition.† His teeth gleamed. He drew my trapped hands around his back, holding me to his chest. I kept as still as I could, even breathing with caution. â€Å"I know there's no competition,† I mumbled into his cold skin. â€Å"That's the problem.† â€Å"Of course Rosalie is beautiful in her way, but even if she wasn't like a sister to me, even if Emmett didn't belong with her, she could never have one tenth, no, one hundredth of the attraction you hold for me.† He was serious now, thoughtful. â€Å"For almost ninety years I've walked among my kind, and yours†¦ all the time thinking I was complete in myself, not realizing what I was seeking. And not finding anything, because you weren't alive yet.† â€Å"It hardly seems fair,† I whispered, my face still resting on his chest, listening to his breath come and go. â€Å"I haven't had to wait at all. Why should I get off so easily?† â€Å"You're right,† he agreed with amusement. â€Å"I should make this harder for you, definitely.† He freed one of his hands, released my wrist, only to gather it carefully into his other hand. He stroked my wet hair softly, from the top of my head to my waist. â€Å"You only have to risk your life every second you spend with me, that's surely not much. You only have to turn your back on nature, on humanity†¦ what's that worth?† â€Å"Very little – I don't feel deprived of anything.† â€Å"Not yet.† And his voice was abruptly full of ancient grief. I tried to pull back, to look in his face, but his hand locked my wrists in an unbreakable hold. â€Å"What -† I started to ask, when his body became alert. I froze, but he suddenly released my hands, and disappeared. I narrowly avoided falling on my face. â€Å"Lie down!† he hissed. I couldn't tell where he spoke from in the darkness. I rolled under my quilt, balling up on my side, the way I usually slept. I heard the door crack open, as Charlie peeked in to make sure I was where I was supposed to be. I breathed evenly, exaggerating the movement. A long minute passed. I listened, not sure if I'd heard the door close. Then Edward's cool arm was around me, under the covers, his lips at my ear. â€Å"You are a terrible actress – I'd say that career path is out for you.† â€Å"Darn it,† I muttered. My heart was crashing in my chest. He hummed a melody I didn't recognize; it sounded like a lullaby. He paused. â€Å"Should I sing you to sleep?† â€Å"Right,† I laughed. â€Å"Like I could sleep with you here!† â€Å"You do it all the time,† he reminded me. â€Å"But I didn't know you were here,† I replied icily. â€Å"So if you don't want to sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he suggested, ignoring my tone. My breath caught. â€Å"If I don't want to sleep†¦ ?† He chuckled. â€Å"What do you want to do then?† I couldn't answer at first. â€Å"I'm not sure,† I finally said. â€Å"Tell me when you decide.† I could feel his cool breath on my neck, feel his nose sliding along my jaw, inhaling. â€Å"I thought you were desensitized.† â€Å"Just because I'm resisting the wine doesn't mean I can't appreciate the bouquet,† he whispered. â€Å"You have a very floral smell, like lavender†¦ or freesia,† he noted. â€Å"It's mouthwatering.† â€Å"Yeah, it's an off day when I don't get somebody telling me how edible I smell.† He chuckled, and then sighed. â€Å"I've decided what I want to do,† I told him. â€Å"I want to hear more about you.† â€Å"Ask me anything.† I sifted through my questions for the most vital. â€Å"Why do you do it?† I said. â€Å"I still don't understand how you can work so hard to resist what you†¦ are. Please don't misunderstand, of course I'm glad that you do. I just don't see why you would bother in the first place.† He hesitated before answering. â€Å"That's a good question, and you are not the first one to ask it. The others – the majority of our kind who are quite content with our lot – they, too, wonder at how we live. But you see, just because we've been†¦ dealt a certain hand†¦ it doesn't mean that we can't choose to rise above – to conquer the boundaries of a destiny that none of us wanted. To try to retain whatever essential humanity we can.† I lay unmoving, locked in awed silence. â€Å"Did you fall asleep?† he whispered after a few minutes. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Is that all you were curious about?† I rolled my eyes. â€Å"Not quite.† â€Å"What else do you want to know?† â€Å"Why can you read minds – why only you? And Alice, seeing the future†¦ why does that happen?† I felt him shrug in the darkness. â€Å"We don't really know. Carlisle has a theory†¦ he believes that we all bring something of our strongest human traits with us into the next life, where they are intensified – like our minds, and our senses. He thinks that I must have already been very sensitive to the thoughts of those around me. And that Alice had some precognition, wherever she was.† â€Å"What did he bring into the next life, and the others?† â€Å"Carlisle brought his compassion. Esme brought her ability to love passionately. Emmett brought his strength, Rosalie her†¦ tenacity. Or you could call it pigheadedness.† he chuckled. â€Å"Jasper is very interesting. He was quite charismatic in his first life, able to influence those around him to see things his way. Now he is able to manipulate the emotions of those around him – calm down a room of angry people, for example, or excite a lethargic crowd, conversely. It's a very subtle gift.† I considered the impossibilities he described, trying to take it in. He waited patiently while I thought. â€Å"So where did it all start? I mean, Carlisle changed you, and then someone must have changed him, and so on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Well, where did you come from? Evolution? Creation? Couldn't we have evolved in the same way as other species, predator and prey? Or, if you don't believe that all this world could have just happened on its own, which is hard for me to accept myself, is it so hard to believe that the same force that created the delicate angelfish with the shark, the baby seal and the killer whale, could create both our kinds together?† â€Å"Let me get this straight – I'm the baby seal, right?† â€Å"Right.† He laughed, and something touched my hair – his lips? I wanted to turn toward him, to see if it was really his lips against my hair. But I had to be good; I didn't want to make this any harder for him than it already was. â€Å"Are you ready to sleep?† he asked, interrupting the short silence. â€Å"Or do you have any more questions?† â€Å"Only a million or two.† â€Å"We have tomorrow, and the next day, and the next†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he reminded me. I smiled, euphoric at the thought. â€Å"Are you sure you won't vanish in the morning?† I wanted this to be certain. â€Å"You are mythical, after all.† â€Å"I won't leave you.† His voice had the seal of a promise in it. â€Å"One more, then, tonight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And I blushed. The darkness was no help – I'm sure he could feel the sudden warmth under my skin. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"No, forget it. I changed my mind.† â€Å"Bella, you can ask me anything.† I didn't answer, and he groaned. â€Å"I keep thinking it will get less frustrating, not hearing your thoughts. But it just gets worse and worse.† â€Å"I'm glad you can't read my thoughts. It's bad enough that you eavesdrop on my sleep-talking.† â€Å"Please?† His voice was so persuasive, so impossible to resist. I shook my head. â€Å"If you don't tell me, I'll just assume it's something much worse than it is,† he threatened darkly. â€Å"Please?† Again, that pleading voice. â€Å"Well,† I began, glad that he couldn't see my face. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"You said that Rosalie and Emmett will get married soon†¦ Is that†¦ marriage†¦ the same as it is for humans?† He laughed in earnest now, understanding. â€Å"Is that what you're getting at?† I fidgeted, unable to answer. â€Å"Yes, I suppose it is much the same,† he said. â€Å"I told you, most of those human desires are there, just hidden behind more powerful desires.† â€Å"Oh,† was all I could say. â€Å"Was there a purpose behind your curiosity?† â€Å"Well, I did wonder†¦ about you and me†¦ someday†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was instantly serious, I could tell by the sudden stillness of his body. I froze, too, reacting automatically. â€Å"I don't think that†¦ that†¦ would be possible for us.† â€Å"Because it would be too hard for you, if I were that†¦ close?† â€Å"That's certainly a problem. But that's not what I was thinking of. It's just that you are so soft, so fragile. I have to mind my actions every moment that we're together so that I don't hurt you. I could kill you quite easily, Bella, simply by accident.† His voice had become just a soft murmur. He moved his icy palm to rest it against my cheek. â€Å"If I was too hasty†¦ if for one second I wasn't paying enough attention, I could reach out, meaning to touch your face, and crush your skull by mistake. You don't realize how incredibly breakable you are. I can never, never afford to lose any kind of control when I'm with you.† He waited for me to respond, growing anxious when I didn't. â€Å"Are you scared?† he asked. I waited for a minute to answer, so the words would be true. â€Å"No. I'm fine.† He seemed to deliberate for a moment. â€Å"I'm curious now, though,† he said, his voice light again. â€Å"Have you ever†¦ ?† He trailed off suggestively. â€Å"Of course not.† I flushed. â€Å"I told you I've never felt like this about anyone before, not even close.† â€Å"I know. It's just that I know other people's thoughts. I know love and lust don't always keep the same company.† â€Å"They do for me. Now, anyway, that they exist for me at all,† I sighed. â€Å"That's nice. We have that one thing in common, at least.† He sounded satisfied. â€Å"Your human instincts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I began. He waited. â€Å"Well, do you find me attractive, in that way, at all?† He laughed and lightly rumpled my nearly dry hair. â€Å"I may not be a human, but I am a man,† he assured me. I yawned involuntarily. â€Å"I've answered your questions, now you should sleep,† he insisted. â€Å"I'm not sure if I can.† â€Å"Do you want me to leave?† â€Å"No!† I said too loudly. He laughed, and then began to hum that same, unfamiliar lullaby; the voice of an archangel, soft in my ear. More tired than I realized, exhausted from the long day of mental and emotional stress like I'd never felt before, I drifted to sleep in his cold arms.